Pilonidal Cyst - Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
By ScanSkinAI Editorial Team✓ Reviewed for medical safetyLast updated June 2026
A cyst or abscess that develops at the base of the tailbone (coccyx), often containing hair and skin debris. It can become infected and very painful.
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Quick Answer
A pilonidal cyst is a small sac that develops at the base of the tailbone, often containing hair and skin debris. While harmless at first, it can become infected, leading to a very painful abscess that may drain pus or blood. They are typically caused by ingrown hairs, friction, or prolonged periods of sitting. If you notice a painful, red swelling near your tailbone or develop a fever, you should see a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and treatment.
Symptoms
- Painful swelling near tailbone
- Redness and warmth
- Pus drainage
- Fever if infected
- Pit or sinus tract visible
Causes & Risk Factors
- Ingrown hairs
- Prolonged sitting
- Friction
- More common in hairy individuals
- More common in men
Treatment & Management
- Incision and drainage
- Surgical removal for recurrent cases
- Antibiotics if infected
- Hair removal from area
- Keep area clean
When to See a Doctor
If you develop a painful lump near your tailbone, especially with fever or drainage
Frequently Asked Questions
What does a pilonidal cyst feel like when it first starts?
At first, you might just feel a small, dimple-like pit or a mild ache near the base of your spine. If it becomes infected, it quickly turns into a swollen, warm, and highly painful lump. You may also notice fluid or pus draining from the area, which can have a foul smell.
Why did I get a cyst on my tailbone?
Pilonidal cysts are usually caused by loose hairs that puncture the skin and become embedded, acting as a foreign body. They are most common in men and people with a lot of body hair. Friction from tight clothing, heavy sweating, and sitting for long periods also significantly increase your risk of developing one.
Will a pilonidal cyst go away on its own without surgery?
A mild, uninfected cyst might shrink or stop causing pain, but the underlying sac usually remains under the skin. If the cyst becomes an infected abscess, it will not go away on its own and typically requires a doctor to drain the pus. Recurrent infections often require surgical removal of the entire cyst.
How can I stop these cysts from coming back?
The most effective way to prevent recurrence is to keep the tailbone area clean and completely free of hair. Many doctors recommend regular shaving or permanent laser hair removal for the area. Additionally, avoiding prolonged sitting, losing excess weight, and wearing loose-fitting clothing can help reduce infection-causing friction and trapped moisture.
When should I go to the doctor for a tailbone lump?
You should see a healthcare provider if the lump becomes increasingly painful, red, or warm to the touch. Immediate medical attention is needed if you also develop a fever, or if you notice foul-smelling pus or blood draining from the area. These are clear signs of an active infection that requires professional treatment.
Are pilonidal cysts caused by poor hygiene?
It is a common myth that poor hygiene causes pilonidal cysts. While keeping the area clean is important for preventing infection, the primary cause is coarse body hair being forced into the skin by friction or pressure. Anyone can get one, though sitting for long periods and having dense body hair make it more likely.
Is this just a regular pimple or a pilonidal cyst?
While a regular pimple forms in a blocked pore on the skin's surface, a pilonidal cyst is a deeper sac located specifically at the cleft of the buttocks. Pimples are usually small and resolve quickly. Pilonidal cysts tend to grow into larger, deeply painful abscesses, and you may see a visible sinus tract or tiny hole in the skin.
How can ScanSkinAI help with a suspected pilonidal cyst?
ScanSkinAI can help you track visual changes in the skin over your tailbone, such as worsening redness, swelling, or the appearance of a sinus tract. However, AI tools are screening aids only and cannot diagnose pilonidal cysts or infections. Because these cysts can cause deep, severe infections, always consult a doctor for a proper medical evaluation.
Medical References
Information on this page is sourced from and verified against reputable medical resources:
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Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. The content on this page should not be used to diagnose or treat any health problem. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional for proper medical evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of your condition.