Genital Warts - Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
By ScanSkinAI Editorial Team✓ Reviewed for medical safetyLast updated June 2026
Soft growths on the genital area caused by certain strains of human papillomavirus (HPV). They're one of the most common sexually transmitted infections.
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Quick Answer
Genital warts are a common sexually transmitted infection caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). They usually appear as flesh-coloured, rough, cauliflower-like growths on or around the genitals that enlarge over weeks. This helps distinguish them from harmless features like Fordyce spots, which are smooth and stay the same size for years. While genital warts can be distressing, they are highly treatable by a healthcare professional. You should always visit a doctor or sexual health clinic for a proper diagnosis and safe, effective treatment, rather than relying on over-the-counter products.
Symptoms
- Soft, flesh-colored growths
- May be flat or raised
- Single or in clusters (cauliflower-like)
- Usually painless
- May itch
Causes & Risk Factors
- Human papillomavirus (HPV types 6 and 11 mainly)
- Sexual contact
- Skin-to-skin contact
Treatment & Management
- Topical treatments (imiquimod, podophyllotoxin)
- Cryotherapy
- Electrosurgery
- Laser treatment
- Surgical excision
- HPV vaccination for prevention
When to See a Doctor
If you notice any growths in the genital area
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I know if I have genital warts instead of something normal?
Genital warts typically appear as flesh-coloured, rough, or cauliflower-like growths on the vulva, penis, or anus. Over a few weeks, they tend to grow in size or multiply. In contrast, normal skin variations like Fordyce spots are smooth, dome-shaped dots that remain exactly the same size for years. If you notice a new, growing bump in the genital region, it is best to have a doctor examine it.
What actually causes genital warts to appear?
Genital warts are caused by certain low-risk strains of the human papillomavirus, commonly known as HPV. The virus is highly contagious and spreads through skin-to-skin contact during vaginal, anal, or oral sex. It is possible to carry the virus for months or even years before any warts actually become visible. Because HPV is so common, many people contract it at some point without ever developing outward signs.
Can I just use over-the-counter wart remover on them?
No, you should never use standard over-the-counter wart removers on genital warts. These products are designed for the tough skin on hands and feet and contain strong acids that will cause severe burns and tissue damage to sensitive genital tissue. A doctor or sexual health clinic can provide safe, prescription-grade topical creams, cryotherapy, or minor surgical options specifically formulated and approved for the genital area.
Will genital warts eventually go away on their own?
In many cases, a healthy immune system can fight off the underlying HPV infection, causing the warts to fade away on their own over several months to a couple of years. However, leaving them untreated means they could grow larger, multiply, or be passed on to sexual partners more easily. Medical treatment is usually recommended to remove the visible warts more quickly and reduce discomfort.
When should I see a doctor about bumps on my genitals?
You should see a doctor or visit a sexual health clinic whenever you notice any new, unexplained bumps, sores, or changes in your genital or anal area. It is especially important if the growths are painful, bleeding, itching, or rapidly enlarging over a period of weeks. Only a qualified healthcare professional can confirm a diagnosis, check for other sexually transmitted infections, and provide a safe treatment plan.
Is it possible to prevent getting genital warts?
The most effective way to prevent genital warts is by getting the HPV vaccine, which protects against the specific strains of the virus that cause them. Condoms and dental dams significantly reduce the risk of transmission, but they do not eliminate it entirely because HPV can still spread through uncovered areas of infected skin rubbing together. Open communication with partners and regular health check-ups also help reduce risk.
I heard genital warts turn into cancer. Is that true?
No, it is a common myth that genital warts cause cancer. There are over a hundred strains of the human papillomavirus. The specific low-risk HPV strains that cause visible genital warts do not cause cervical, penile, or anal cancer. High-risk strains of HPV are responsible for cancer, but they do not typically cause noticeable warts. However, because you can have multiple strains at once, regular screenings remain important.
How can ScanSkinAI help with genital warts?
ScanSkinAI can analyze photos of your skin concerns and compare them to known visual traits of various conditions, such as the cauliflower-like appearance of genital warts versus smooth Fordyce spots. However, our AI is solely a screening aid and cannot provide a medical diagnosis. Genital conditions require careful clinical evaluation. You should always consult a doctor or sexual health clinic to receive a definitive diagnosis and properly targeted treatment.
Medical References
Information on this page is sourced from and verified against reputable medical resources:
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Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. The content on this page should not be used to diagnose or treat any health problem. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional for proper medical evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of your condition.